In 1897 , Thomas Edison received a patent for the Kinetoscope, a device for producing moving pictures.
The kinetoscope could only be viewed by one person at a time. It was soon replaced by screen projectors, which showed the movie to a whole room of people at the same time.
Learn more at http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/gilded/jb_gilded_kinetscp_1.html.